PT. Selaras Anaam Sena
Introduction
Certain safeguards that normally protect the worker may have to be removed when repair or maintenance work is performed. When this occurs, the hazards involved need to be identified and a safe work system developed to eliminate or control these hazards A safe work permit is document that identifies the work to be done, the hazard(s) involved, and the precautions to be taken. It ensures that all hazards and precautions have been considered before work begins. Safe work permits should always be used when work is performed by an outside agency or employer.
What is Safe Work Permits
A safe work permit is a written record that authorizes specific work, at a specific work location, for a specific time period. Permits are used for controlling and co-ordinating work to establish and maintain safe working conditions. They ensure that all foreseeable hazards have been considered and that the appropriate precautions are defined and carried out in the correct sequence.
A safe work permit is a 'form' or permit which is used to evaluate and identify hazards associated with dangerous and non-routine jobs in order to mitigate the chance of those hazards turning into issues, incidents, injuries or fatalities.
Safe work permits are one of the first and lines of safety defence for industrial companies and workers. They are great for brainstorming hazards, improving communication and transparency between site workers and project managers, safety teams and management, and ensure that people are being aware, smart and safe in their approach to getting their jobs done.
Depending on where in the world you are performing your jobs, there are a number of activities which always require safe work permits, which we will delve into below; while there are some other jobs or functions where safe work permits are required or recommended as a safety tool - which is usually at the discretion of the contractor, project manager or safety representative responsible for establishing safety practices and procedures.
Who benefits from a safe work permits
Why use a safe work permits
All work exposes the worker to some degree of hazard. This degree of hazard determines the type of safeguards required to protect the worker. Most routine work has defined safe work practices or procedures. In the absence of such procedures, safe work permits should be used.
Workers engaged in maintenance work may be at risk if the machinery they are working on is started unexpectedly. Such machinery and equipment needs to be isolated by blanking, blinding, or a power lockout system. These procedures can be clearly identified by a work permit system.
Certain types or conditions of work, such as confined space entry, flammable or explosive situations, exposure to harmful substances or high voltage electrical equipment, and the transfer of hazardous work from one work shift to the next are examples of where safe work practices or the use of work permits is essential.
General Procedure
Safe work permits are usually made out in either duplicate or triplicate. When a duplicate system is used, one copy of the permit is retained by the issuer at the work site and the other is held by the worker/department doing the work. The permit should always be available at the work site. The permit is handed back to the issuer at the end of the shift or when the work is completed.
In a triplicate permit system, the third copy is used by the safety department to audit the work to see if the requirements of the permit are being met.
Types of safe work permits
The type of safe work permit required is determined by the nature of the work to be performed and the hazards that must be controlled or eliminated. The range of activities and locations makes it impossible for a single type of permit to be suitable for all situations. The following types are most commonly used and examples are provided at www.selarassolusi.com
Hot Work Permit
Hot work permits are used when heat or sparks are generated by work such as welding, burning, cutting, riveting, grinding, drilling, and where work involves the use of pneumatic hammers and chippers, non-explosion proof electrical equipment (lights, tools, and heaters), and internal combustion engines. Three types of hazardous situations need to be considered when performing hot work: (a) the presence of flammable materials in the equipment; (b) the presence of combustible materials that burn or give off flammable vapours when heated; and (c) the presence of flammable gas in the atmosphere, or gas entering from an adjacent area, such as sewers that have not been properly protected. (Portable detectors for combustible gases can be placed in the area to warn workers of the entry of these gases.)
Cold Work Permit
Cold work permits are used in hazardous maintenance work that does not involve “hot work”. Cold work permits are issued when there is no reasonable source of ignition, and when all contact with harmful substances has been eliminated or appropriate precautions taken.
Confined Space Entry Permit
Confined space entry permits are used when entering any confined space such as a tank, vessel, tower, pit or sewer. The permit should be used in conjunction with a “Code of Practice” which describes all important safety aspects of the operation.
Special Permits
Some employers use special permits to cover specific hazards such as:
■ extremely hazardous conditions;
■ radioactive materials;
■ PCBs and other dangerous chemicals;
■ excavations; and
■ power supplies.
Each type of permit provides a checklist for the person preparing the equipment, informs workers carrying out the work of the hazards present, lists or describes the precautions to be taken, and describes the personal protective equipment to be worn by workers.
Considerations when using a safe work permits
A safe work permit should only be issued by a competent person who is completely familiar with the work or situation covered by the permit and who has control over changes in that work area e.g. lead operator or supervisor.
The permit issuer must be sure that the work situation identified on the permit is as described. Where possible, the permit issuer should review the work or operation with the worker before work begins. If the permit issuer has not reviewed the site, this should be noted on the permit and the work situation should be discussed with the worker.
Written instructions alone are often insufficient in the effective use of a permit system. Practical training exercises for the people who issue and receive permits should be considered.
The person receiving the permit must completely understand the work situation, the potential hazards, and the precautions required before accepting the permit.
Any special precautions not normally associated with the particular work should be identified to the receiver of the permit, who must fully understand the reasons for these precautions e.g. work to be done in an area where there is a possible exposure to H2S gas.
The permit issuer must be sure that the worker understands the hazards. If not, the permit issuer needs to review the Material Safety Data Sheet or other information with the worker to ensure that they understand the dangers of the product and the precautions to be taken.
No one should sign a safe work permit unless completely satisfied that the work can be done safely.
All safe work permits must be signed by both the permit receiver and the permit issuer before work is started and after it is completed.
Pitfalls of work permits
Workers and supervisors do not always see the need for a safe work permit system. They have not been trained to recognize the added safeguards that such a program provides.
Factors leading to ineffective permit systems are:
■ The type or format of the permit does not cover all the potential hazards.
■ The issuing procedure is inadequate.
■ The person signing the permit has not inspected the operation to see if the isolation, lock-out, or testing has been done.
■ Workers are not following or don’t understand the requirements of the permit, especially the expiry time.
■ The employer is not enforcing or auditing the work permit system.
■ Permits are prepared too far in advance, or after the work has begun.
■ A responsible person is not inspecting the operation after the permit has been issued.
■ The system is too complex.
Conclusion
All workers using permits must completely understand the reasons for, and the requirements of, the permit before work begins.
A safe work permit is an effective tool to help identify and control hazards, prevent injuries, and avoid costly mistakes.
Further information
For information about health and safety, visit www.selarassolusi.com .
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